Asociación de diabetes respecto a variables sociodemográficas, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y enfermedad periodontal / Association diabetes between sociodemographic variables, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and periodontal disease

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Relación entre diabetes y enfermedad periodontal en una población adulta española / Relation between diabetes and periodontal disease in an Spanish adult population

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Use of dental care and prevalence of caries among immigrant and Spanish-born children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to describe the use of dental services and the prevalence of dental caries in children living in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Madrid City Health Survey. The questions asked were: (1) When was the last time your child visited the dentist? (2) What was the reason for your child's last visit? and (3) Is your child currently suffering from caries, fillings, or bleeding from the gums when brushing? The independent variables included: sex; age; education level; and nationality. RESULTS: Data from 960 children (approximately 27% of whom were immigrants) were analyzed. Over the last year, approximately 59% of the children had received dental care and 28% suffered from caries. After multivariate analysis, we observed that 3- to 6-year-old children, immigrants, and children of parents with low education levels are more likely not to have received dental care during the last year. We also found that children are more likely to suffer from caries as they get older and if they are immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: Being an immigrant and from a lower education level typically results in a less frequent use of dental health services, and children of immigrants have a greater risk of suffering from dental caries. It is essential to investigate the reasons why and introduce strategies to reduce barriers to dental health access among immigrants.

Factores asociados a disfunción craneomandibular en una población de un centro de salud / Factors associated with temporomandibular disorder in a health centre’s population

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Influence of sociodemographic variables on dental service utilization and oral health among the children included in the year 2001 Spanish National Health Survey.

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the possible influence of sociodemographic variables on dental service utilization and oral health among Spanish children. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using secondary individualized data drawn from 4,023 interviews conducted with parents or guardians of children aged 3-15 years as part of the 2001 Spanish National Health Survey. The dependent variables analyzed were use of dental services in the preceding 12 months, and caries ever. Classification of children was affirmative if their parents answered that the last time their child visited the dentist it was for a filling and/or had fillings in his/ her teeth/molars. Independent variables were sex, age, size of town or city, parents' educational level and monthly income of the family unit. RESULTS: A total of 47.1% of the study children had visited a dentist, stomatologist or dental hygienist in the preceding 12 months. Children having parents or guardians with the lowest educational level were 1.36 times (95% Cl: 1.10-1.68) more likely to have received no dental care than those having parents or guardians with the highest educational level. The likelihood of not having made use of such dental services rose 2.03-fold (95% CI: 1.58-2.61) in cases where monthly income was less than 900 euros versus greater than 1800 euros. Reported prevalence of caries for the sample as a whole was 31.45%. Children whose parents were in the lowest educational range were 1.37 times (95% CI: 1.08-1.71) more likely to have caries than those in the highest range. CONCLUSION: There is social inequality in the use of dental services and oral health among Spanish children.

Influence of sociodemographic variables on use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the possible influence of sociodemographic variables on use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study based on 1,676 interviews conducted with parents or guardians of children ages 3-15 years. The dependent variables analysed were: use of dental services in the preceding 12 months; self-reported caries ever; and daily dental hygiene measured as toothbrushing frequency. Independent variables were sex, age, size of town or city, educational level, and monthly income of the family unit. RESULTS: A total of 60% of the study children had not visited a dental professional in the preceding 12 months. Children having parents or guardians with the lowest educational level were 1.592 times more likely to have received no dental care than those with the highest educational level. The likelihood of not having made use of such dental services rose 2.232-fold in cases where income was < 600 versus >1200 per month. Overall prevalence of self-reported caries for the sample as a whole was 34.4%. Subjects in the lowest income bracket (< 600 per month) were 1.497 times more likely to have caries than those in the highest income bracket. In all, 68.5% brushed their teeth every night, but the percentage rose significantly with age, size of town or city, and income. CONCLUSION: There is considerable social inequality in the use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children.

Factors associated with first molar dental enamel defects: a multivariate epidemiological approach.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain factors linked to developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) in first permanent molars. METHODS: A retrospective epidemiological case-control study was conducted with 48 cases and 149 controls. Dental examinations were performed on 8-year-old children in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. DDE were defined according to FDI World Dental Federation criteria (DDE index). The various study variables were measured and compared during the first 3 years of life, using dental and health records. These variables included gender, pediatric care, hospital admission, certain specific diseases (urinary tract infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, varicella, gastroenteritis, otitis) and drug therapies. A multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression techniques. RESULTS: The multivariate analysis indicated that: girls had at least a two-fold risk of DDE; frequent pediatric care showed a strong association with DDE, which had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.40 to 4.16 according to year of life; urinary tract infection (UTI) registered a strong association in the second and third years of life with DDE, showing an OR of 32.4 in the second year of life and 6.33 in the third year of life; and mucolytics acted as a protective factor for DDE with an OR range of 0.53 to 0.23 according to year of life. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, UTI, and high frequency of pediatric care registered a strong association with DDE. Treatment with mucolytics exerted a protective effect against DDE.